"Now, gods, stand up for bastards!”
No, this is not the prayer of the New York litigator; it is the battle cry of Edmund, bastard son of the Earl of Gloucester and one of the great early modern theorists of political legitimacy. Edmund is scheming to usurp the earldom with the invention of a forged letter that frames the legitimate heir, his half-brother Edgar. Edmund’s political philosophy is laid out in his first soliloquy in King Lear, which I quote below in its entirety. Why I believe Edmund to be a great theorist of legitimacy will become more clear over time. Download Paper in PDF Format (opens in new window)
Brian Welle and Madeline E. Heilman
INTRO: When asked to think about a hostile environment for women in the workplace, many of us would first envision overt instances of sexual harassment or blatant employment discrimination. These associations are certainly not astonishing: even in an age in which these behaviors are denounced and in large part illegal, such organizational misconduct seems almost commonplace. There have been many high-profile allegations of discrimination leveled against organizations within the last several years (Morris, Bonamici & Neering, 2005). For example, Morgan Stanley’s investment banking business recently paid out $54 million to over 300 female employees who claim to have been denied pay and promotions equal to those received by their male colleagues. Additionally, 1.6 million women who are currently, or were formerly, employed at Wal-Mart are eligible to participate in what is poised to become the largest-ever civil rights lawsuit: like the women of Morgan Stanley, they claim to have been victims of sex discrimination(Greenhouse, 2004). In fact, according to statistics from the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, there has been no systematic decline over the last 12 years in the number of discrimination lawsuits filed, or the amount of monetary damages awarded to the plaintiffs of these suits (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2004). Download Paper in PDF Format (opens in new window)
INTRO: This working paper examines some of the key issues and challenges confronting some of the most significant actors in American political affairs—superintendents of education—and explores how they can drive meaningful educational reform through exercising capable leadership to implement bold new actions in the face of overwhelming demands. Download Paper in PDF Format (opens in new window)
Lee Teitel
The leadership challenges faced by school superintendents are well documented, along with the critical nature of their leadership to sustaining school and school district improvement. (McCabe-Cabron, et al., 2005; Williams, 2004; Thomas, 2001; Goodman & Zimmerman, 2000; Peterson, 1999). Also documented are the university-based programs that prepare individuals to be school superintendents (Levine, 2005; McCarthy 1999; National Commission on Excellence in Educational Administration, 1988). The current working paper explores what is available to superintendents after they assume their positions: what the landscape of sustained executive training and support options available for sitting school system leaders looks like. It describes about two dozen programs offered around the country–who offers them, how they are organized and funded, what (if any) theoretical approaches undergird them, and what (if any) evaluations are done on their impacts. The report describes programs offered by superintendent membership organizations, other (non-superintendent) non-profits, universities, foundations and for-profit companies. Download Paper in PDF Format (opens in new window)
Robert J. Sternberg
Leadership is essential to the successful functioning of virtually any organization. Scholars of leadership attempt to understand what leads to success in leadership.
Successful leaders need to do two things, among others. First, they need to have a story that followers can understand, accept, and, hopefully, support (see also Gardner, 1995). Second, they need to engage in complex processing that results in the creation, implementation, and monitoring of the story (see also Sternberg, 2003). The WICS model of leadership addresses both aspects of the leadership process. This model synthesizes many aspects of previous models. Thus it draws on much that is old, including trait, situational, behavioral, contingency, and transformational models. What do these models have to say about leadership? First, I present WICS. Then I relate it to past theories. Finally, I draw conclusions. Download Paper in PDF Format (opens in new window)
Stanley A. Renshon
ABSTRACT: In this paper I address the usefulness of the psychoanalytic framework in studying U.S. presidents and by implication political leaders more generally.1 I ask why such a framework is important for studying political leaders before I proceed to how it might be done—or at least how I have found it useful to do it.2 This paper is not meant to provide a finished analysis of either William J. Clinton or George W. Bush. Rather, its purpose is to provide a sense of how psychologically framed analyses unfold and, more specifically, the kinds of questions that such an analysis asks. That task is central since in scholarship, as in psychoanalytic work, the most important and useful tool to have at your disposal is the question. Download Paper in PDF Format (opens in new window)
Mica Pollock
NTRO: On March 16, 2003, Rachel Corrie, a 23-year-old American college student from Olympia, Washington, was crushed to death by an Israeli military bulldozer while attempting to prevent, with her own body, the Israeli demolition of a Palestinian doctor’s home in the Occupied Territories. Photos of blond and petite Corrie, taken during the incident by fellow twenty-something nonviolent activists in the “International Solidarity Movement” (ISM), which Corrie had joined for her work in Palestine, showed her standing high on a pile of dirt in front of the American-made Caterpillar bulldozer. Download Paper in PDF Format (opens in new window)
Todd L. Pittinsky and Cheng Zhu
INTRO: China’s economic and political importance has captured the world’s attention. China has become increasingly integrated into the global economy. Between 2000 and 2003, it accounted for one-third of global economic growth measured at purchasing-power parity, more than twice as much as the United States (“Food for Thought,” 2004). Download Paper in PDF Format (opens in new window)
Thomas Oberlechner and Viktor Mayer-Schönberger
ABSTRACT: This paper suggests that metaphors are essential to understanding leadership. Metaphors can serve as underlying, organizing structures of leadership thinking and experience, and they can be mobilized in order to accomplish interpersonal goals. The literature on leadership abounds with metaphors, such as leadership as game, sport, art, or machine. The multitude of leadership metaphors used by authors and leaders alike appears determined by a complex interplay of personal, situational, and cultural factors. Download Paper in PDF Format (opens in new window)
Pippa Norris and Joni Lovenduski
ABSTRACT: Multiple factors can be offered to explain the Labour victory and Conservative defeat in the 2001 British general election. Here we pursue one of the most interesting explanations offered by a modified Downsian model of party competition. Part I of this paper builds on Stimson’s (1991) rational choice theory of policy mood cycles and considers how this framework can be applied to the context of British elections. Download Paper in PDF Format (opens in new window)
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